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Research library, Tripeptide thiol (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine)

Glutathione: chemistry, literature and regulatory status

Written by the Peptency editorial teamLast reviewed 3 studies checked in PubMed on 5 October 2026

Research-use information. This page summarises published literature and regulator records. It is not guidance for use, not medical advice, and not a statement that any material is suitable for use in people or animals.

What is Glutathione?

Glutathione is the endogenous tripeptide gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian cells. Reviews describe its roles in redox homeostasis, detoxification and signalling. The catalog lists it as a research material for laboratory use only.

What are the chemical facts for Glutathione?

Name
Glutathione
Also written
GSH; reduced glutathione
Sequence
γ-Glu-Cys-Gly
Length
3 residues
Molecular formula
C10H17N3O6S
Average molecular weight
307.33 g/mol
CAS number
70-18-8 (confirmed in PubChem)
PubChem
CID 124886

Chemistry checked against PubChem on 2026-10-05. Where the formula can be computed from the listed sequence, it was, and the two routes agree.

How does the literature describe the mechanism of Glutathione?

  • Glutathione is present in all mammalian tissues as the most abundant non-protein thiol, and reviews describe its role in defence against oxidative stress and in redox signalling.[1],[2]
  • Its biosynthesis occurs in the cytosol in a tightly regulated manner, with the supply of cysteine as a key determinant.[1]

What has published research on Glutathione looked at?

3 studies are cited for Glutathione. Each is labelled by design below, and each entry says what the paper measured.

  • 3 review

PubMed returns 316 records for the search terms published on the method page (316 of them with a review publication type, 0 with a clinical-trial publication type), checked 5 October 2026.

Studies are listed by what they measured. Papers whose titles state an amount or schedule, or describe a clinical outcome of an approved medicine, are not listed. This is a wording rule, not a quality filter; see the method page.

What is the regulatory status of Glutathione?

FDA

Component of irrigation solutions only

Drugs@FDA lists 2 applications for ophthalmic irrigation solutions that contain glutathione disulfide among several ingredients. None names glutathione as a peptide medicine (checked 2026-10-05).

Drugs@FDA via openFDA

EMA

No centrally authorised medicine listed

No centrally authorised procedure in the EMA medicines database (checked 5 October 2026) names glutathione as an active substance. National authorisations are not in this dataset.

EMA medicines data

MHRA

Name appears in text only

The exact name returns 1092 MHRA Products documents; they mention the name in their text and were not assessed as products with it as an active substance. Checked 2026-10-05.

MHRA Products

WADA

Not named

The WADA 2026 Prohibited List, in force 1 January 2026 does not name this substance. The list names substances by example, so this is not a statement that it is permitted in sport.

WADA Prohibited List 2026

Drugs@FDA lists two applications for ophthalmic irrigation solutions that contain glutathione disulfide among several ingredients. They are not applications for glutathione as a peptide medicine.

A regulator record is information about a database entry. It is not advice and not a statement that any use is lawful or unlawful in any country. How regulators approach research peptides.

Data dates: regulatory records 2026-10-05; WADA list 2026-10-05.

Which studies are cited for Glutathione?

  1. [1] Lu SC. Glutathione synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1830:3143-53.

    Review of glutathione biosynthesis and its regulation.

  2. [2] Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009;30:1-12.

    Overview of the protective roles, measurement and biosynthesis of glutathione.

  3. [3] Meister A, Anderson ME. Glutathione. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:711-60.

    Annual Review of Biochemistry chapter on glutathione.

Data dates: citations read from PubMed 2026-10-05.

Where else in the research library is Glutathione covered?

Who wrote this page and how is it checked?

Peptency editorial team, last reviewed 5 October 2026. Citations are read back from PubMed, chemistry is checked against PubChem, and regulator records are read from each regulator's own database on the dates shown. The method page lists every source, search term and rule. Corrections are welcome through the contact details on the About page.