How the research library is built, checked and corrected
Sources, PubMed search terms, selection and wording rules, study design labels, chemistry and regulatory checks, review cycle and corrections policy for the Peptency research library.
Research-use information. This page summarises published literature and regulator records. It is not guidance for use, not medical advice, and not a statement that any material is suitable for use in people or animals.
What is the research library?
A set of reference pages for the compounds in the Peptency catalog. Each page states what a compound is, how published literature describes its mechanism, what each cited study measured, and what regulator databases record. It is written by the Peptency editorial team and sits apart from the shop pages. It gives no amounts, schedules or methods of use, and no statement of what a compound does for a person.
Where do the studies come from?
Every citation was found in PubMed using the E-utilities (esearch to find candidates, efetch to read the record). A person then picked the papers to list. Before publication every PMID was read back from PubMed, and title, authors, journal, year, volume, pages and DOI were taken from that record, not typed. Retracted records are refused. A correction notice, where PubMed lists one, is shown beside the paper. PubMed writes some dashes in titles as two hyphens; those are shown as a colon.
109 studies are cited across the library. Citations last read from PubMed on 2026-10-05.
Which papers are listed and which are not?
Papers are picked for what they measured: mechanism, chemistry, receptor pharmacology, analytical methods and reviews. A paper is not listed when its title states an amount or schedule, or when it frames a clinical outcome of an approved medicine, because that wording would read as a use claim on a research material. This is a wording rule, not a quality filter and not a judgement of the paper.
Clinical studies exist for several compounds. To keep their existence visible, each compound page shows the number of registered studies from ClinicalTrials.gov even where individual papers are not listed.
How are study designs labelled?
- Review
- A narrative review that summarises other work.
- Systematic review
- A review that searches for and appraises studies by a stated method.
- In vitro
- Work in cultured cells or isolated molecules.
- Animal study
- Work in live animals or animal tissue.
- Human study
- Work with human participants, including pharmacokinetic and imaging studies.
- Chemistry
- Isolation, sequence, synthesis or medicinal chemistry.
- Analytical chemistry
- Detection, identification or stability methods.
- Receptor biology
- Cloning or identification of a receptor or ligand.
- Structural biology
- X-ray or cryo-EM structures.
Designs were assigned by reading each abstract. The one-line description under each citation says what the paper measured, in neutral wording, and is not a summary of its conclusion.
How is the chemistry checked?
Name, sequence and CAS number come from the Peptency catalog. Each formula and molecular weight is then checked against PubChem (PUG REST) by CAS number or name. Where the compound is a linear peptide, the elemental formula is also computed from the listed sequence from residue formulas, and the two routes must agree. Values PubChem cannot confirm are labelled as not confirmed or left out. Checked on 2026-10-05.
How are regulatory records read?
- FDA: the openFDA Drugs@FDA API, searched by active ingredient name. It lists approved drug applications; it does not cover compounded or unapproved products.
- EMA: the EMA medicines data download, searched by active substance. It covers centrally authorised procedures only; national authorisations in member states are not in it.
- MHRA: the MHRA Products site, searched by the exact quoted substance name across SmPC, PIL and PAR documents.
- WADA: the 2026 Prohibited List PDF, searched for each name; a substance not named is not thereby permitted, because the list names substances by example.
- ClinicalTrials.gov: API v2, registered studies whose intervention matches the name.
Every lookup ran with a control (semaglutide, which must return records) in the same run. Regulator records read on 2026-10-05.
How often is the library reviewed, and how are corrections handled?
Pages are reviewed at least every 90 days, and sooner when a regulator record changes, a cited paper is retracted or corrected, or a reader reports an error. The last review was 2026-10-05. Corrections are welcome through the contact details on the About page.
Change log: 2026-10-05, first publication.
How is the library cited?
Cite the primary source for a claim, using the PMID or DOI on the page. To cite this library, use: Peptency editorial team. Page title. Peptency research library. Page URL. Last reviewed date. Machine-readable records are at /api/ai/compounds/index.json; see the page for AI agents.
Which PubMed search terms were used?
Search terms and record counts for 27 compounds
| Compound | PubMed search term | Records |
|---|---|---|
| GHK-Cu | ("GHK-Cu"[tiab] OR "GHK copper"[tiab] OR "glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine"[tiab] OR "copper tripeptide"[tiab] OR "GHK peptide"[tiab]) | 165 |
| KPV | (KPV[tiab] AND ("alpha-MSH"[tiab] OR melanocortin[tiab] OR "Lys-Pro-Val"[tiab] OR tripeptide[tiab])) | 39 |
| BPC-157 | ("BPC 157"[tiab] OR "BPC-157"[tiab] OR "BPC157"[tiab] OR "pentadecapeptide BPC"[tiab]) | 226 |
| TB-500 | ("TB-500"[tiab] OR "thymosin beta 4"[tiab] OR "thymosin beta4"[tiab] OR "thymosin β4"[tiab] OR "Tbeta4"[tiab] OR "Tβ4"[tiab]) | 1195 |
| Ipamorelin | (ipamorelin[tiab] OR "NNC 26-0161"[tiab]) | 50 |
| GHRP-2 | ("GHRP-2"[tiab] OR pralmorelin[tiab] OR "growth hormone-releasing peptide-2"[tiab] OR "KP-102"[tiab]) | 237 |
| CJC-1295 no DAC | ("CJC-1295"[tiab] OR "CJC1295"[tiab] OR "modified GRF(1-29)"[tiab] OR "modified GRF 1-29"[tiab] OR "tetrasubstituted GRF"[tiab]) | 34 |
| Sermorelin | (sermorelin[tiab] OR "GRF(1-29)"[tiab] OR "GHRH(1-29)"[tiab]) | 365 |
| Tesamorelin | (tesamorelin[tiab] OR "TH9507"[tiab]) | 104 |
| AOD-9604 | ("AOD9604"[tiab] OR "AOD-9604"[tiab] OR "hGH fragment 176-191"[tiab]) | 23 |
| MOTS-c | ("MOTS-c"[tiab] OR "MOTSc"[tiab]) | 262 |
| SS-31 | ("SS-31"[tiab] OR elamipretide[tiab] OR "MTP-131"[tiab] OR Bendavia[tiab]) | 469 |
| NAD+ | ("NAD+"[ti] OR "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"[ti]) AND (metabolism[ti] OR biosynthesis[ti] OR biology[ti] OR homeostasis[ti] OR sirtuin*[ti] OR "NAD+ precursors"[ti]) | 1232 |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | ("5-amino-1MQ"[tiab] OR "5-amino-1-methylquinolinium"[tiab] OR ("nicotinamide N-methyltransferase"[ti] AND inhibitor*[ti])) | 34 |
| Semaglutide | (semaglutide[ti] AND (pharmacology[ti] OR pharmacokinetic*[ti] OR discovery[ti] OR structure[ti] OR receptor[ti] OR albumin[ti] OR mechanism*[ti] OR derivative*[ti])) | 210 |
| Tirzepatide | (tirzepatide[ti] AND (pharmacology[ti] OR pharmacokinetic*[ti] OR receptor[ti] OR biased[ti] OR mechanism*[ti] OR agonist[ti] OR "GIP"[ti])) | 157 |
| Retatrutide | (retatrutide[tiab] OR "LY3437943"[tiab]) | 197 |
| Glutathione | (glutathione[ti] AND (metabolism[ti] OR biosynthesis[ti] OR biochemistry[ti] OR homeostasis[ti] OR "redox"[ti] OR function*[ti]) AND (Review[pt] OR "Historical Article"[pt])) | 316 |
| AHK-Cu | ("AHK-Cu"[tiab] OR "copper tripeptide AHK"[tiab] OR "alanyl-histidyl-lysine"[tiab] OR "Ala-His-Lys"[tiab]) | 31 |
| Epitalon | (epitalon[tiab] OR epithalon[tiab] OR "Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly"[tiab]) | 140 |
| Thymosin α1 | ("thymosin alpha 1"[tiab] OR "thymosin alpha1"[tiab] OR thymalfasin[tiab] OR "thymosin α1"[tiab] OR "Tα1"[tiab]) | 954 |
| Selank | (selank[tiab] OR "TP-7"[tiab]) | 126 |
| Semax | (semax[tiab] AND (peptide[tiab] OR ACTH[tiab] OR "Pro-Gly-Pro"[tiab] OR neuro*[tiab])) | 155 |
| DSIP | ("delta sleep-inducing peptide"[tiab] OR "delta-sleep inducing peptide"[tiab] OR DSIP[tiab]) | 462 |
| PT-141 | ("PT-141"[tiab] OR bremelanotide[tiab] OR "PT141"[tiab]) | 114 |
| Melanotan II | ("melanotan II"[tiab] OR "melanotan-II"[tiab] OR "MT-II"[tiab] OR "MT II"[tiab] OR "melanotan 2"[tiab]) | 624 |
| Kisspeptin-10 | ("kisspeptin-10"[tiab] OR "kisspeptin 10"[tiab] OR "kisspeptin10"[tiab] OR "metastin 45-54"[tiab]) | 333 |
Counts read from PubMed on 2026-10-05. A record count is the number of papers that match the term, not a measure of evidence.